Periodontal (gum) diseases, including
gingivitis and periodontitis, are serious infections
that, left untreated, can lead to tooth loss. The word
periodontal literally means "around the tooth."
Periodontal disease is a chronic bacterial infection
that affects the gums and bone supporting the teeth.
Periodontal disease is a major cause of tooth loss in
adults. Early and moderate periodontal disease may exhibit
few, if any, symptoms. However, warning signs of advanced
periodontal disease may include red, swollen, or bleeding
gums; persistent bad breath; permanent teeth that are
loose or separating; or changes in the way your teeth
fit together when you bite.
There are many stages and forms of periodontal disease,
including:
GINGIVITIS
Mild inflammation of the gums due to plaque buildup.
Gums are red and/or sore and bleed when probed. Gingivitis
is often caused by inadequate oral hygiene. Gingivitis
is reversible with professional treatment and good oral
home care.
PERIODONTITIS
If left untreated, gingivitis can advance to periodontitis.
With time, plaque can spread and grow below the gum
line. Bacteria in plaque produces toxins that will damage
the underlying bone and supporting tissues. The gum
will separates from the tooth, forming pockets (spaces
between the teeth and gums), and the bone level will
deteriorates. Often, this destructive process has very
mild symptoms.
ADVANCED PERIODONTITIS
At this stage, the gums will recede further and separate
from the tooth.
Pus may develop, the bone structure will continues to
deteriorate and eventually, teeth will loosen and may
fall out.
